压气机静子有限元建模简化方法及验证

为有效减小航空发动机静子系统动力特性计算的有限元模型规模,针对压气机静子叶片结构,提出了1种基于截面等效原理的建模简化方法。首先通过1个静子叶片的8、6、4和2截面4种有限元模型的简化和计算说明了该方法的有效性;然后进一步以某型航空发动机压气机的第1级整流器为例,对上述方法进行了计算验证。结果表明:4种简化模型的前5阶固有频率计算结果最大误差分别为2.72%、4.23%、4.73%和7.32%,模态振型吻合良好;简化后的模型规模缩减为原模型的2%~3%,计算时间缩短为原模型的1%~2%。     

某型发动机压气机叶片对性能的影响分析

采用CFD数值模拟方法和厂内试车方法,对某型发动机压气机叶片设计状态(A状态)和产品实际情况(B状态,转接半径、叶型厚度偏离较大)下,叶片前缘形状对发动机性能的影响进行了分析和试车验证,结果表明:B状态叶片,气流沿叶型整个型面附面层厚度呈迅速增大趋势,在较大区域较早出现气流分离,易导致压气机处于非稳定性状态工作;试车结果表明其导致整机推力性能降低。     

压气机叶栅前缘边条技术的参数化数值研究

压气机来流普遍存在端区附面层扭曲问题,前期研究证实可采用叶片端区前缘边条(Leading Edge Strake Blade,LESB)技术解决,因此,进一步进行前缘边条几何影响和变工况适应性的参数化数值研究。选用折转角为60°的NACA65叶栅为例,对前缘边条高度、前伸长度以及在-5°、0°、+5°攻角下的性能进行了参数化研究,对其规律、机理进行了总结和分析。结果表明:前缘边条高度、前伸长度选取存在最佳值,边条高度选取略大于来流扭曲附面层厚度为宜,而边条长度在不同工况下好坏影响各异,需折衷考虑;所设计较优方案揭示了前缘边条对端区流动的调控作用,表现出良好的变工况性能。     

某型发动机150 h持久试车涡轮部件寿命消耗研究

基于某型航空发动机的技术特征,应用有限元素法分析了该型发动机涡轮部件的模拟稳态温度场和应力场,确定了叶片和轮盘的寿命分析考核点。利用采集到的473组飞行任务参数记录和150h持久试车数据,基于EGD-3疲劳分析理论和Miner线性累积损伤理论计算了叶片和轮盘各考核点的低循环疲劳损伤。采用插值法和拉森-米勒公式,分别计算了叶片和轮盘的持久损伤,并利用时间-循环分数相加法进行了疲劳/持久损伤分析,得到了叶片和轮盘各考核点的总损伤。按照等效损伤原则,完成了该型发动机150h持久试车寿命消耗向外场飞行使用寿命消耗的等当量换算。     

应用等离子体抑制空腔噪声数值仿真研究

空腔在自由来流下将产生强烈的气动噪声，这种噪声会对飞机产生负面作用，需要寻求噪声控制方法抑制空腔噪声。等离子体是一门新兴的流动控制技术，可应用在噪声抑制方面。通过在空腔前缘、后缘以及底面10个不同的位置布置等离子体激励器，研究了等离子体激励对空腔噪声的影响。结果表明：等离子体激励可以降低空腔噪声，声压级最高降低约4 dB；降低了空腔离散噪声的峰值频率；在空腔前缘壁面施加等离子体激励，噪声抑制效果最好。     

Validation of a novel mixing-plane method for multistage turbomachinery steady flow analysis

The steady calculation based on the mixing-plane method is still the most widely-used three-dimensional flow analysis tool for multistage turbomachines. For modern turbomachines, the trend of design is to reach higher aerodynamic loading but with still further compact size. In such a case, the traditional mixing-plane method has to be revised to give a more physically mean-ingful prediction. In this paper, a novel mixing-plane method was proposed, and three representa-tive test cases including a transonic compressor, a highly-loaded centrifugal compressor and a high-pressure axial turbine were performed for validation purpose. This novel mixing-plane method can satisfy the flux conservation perfectly. Reverse flow across the mixing-plane interface can be resolved naturally, thus making this method numerically robust. Artificial reflection at the mixing-plane interface is almost eliminated, and then its detrimental impact on the flow field is min-imized. Generally, this mixing-plane method is suitable to simulate steady flows in highly-loaded multistage turbomachines.     

Quasi-steady flow model of slot-type casing treatments I ： modeling method and validation

为降低对槽道式处理机匣流动进行模拟的计算量,特别地,为了提供一种可用于处理机匣工程设计的快速评估手段,基于对带有槽道式处理机匣的压气机非定常流动物理的理解,提出了一种处理机匣的准定常流动模型,并利用带有处理机匣的跨声压气机转子实验测量结果,以及非定常数值模拟结果对所提出的模型进行了验证.结果表明：处理机匣流动模型很好地预测了由于采用处理机匣所取得的转子失速裕度的提高,并且与非定常模拟结果比较,流动模型对转子主流以及处理机匣内部流动模拟的准确性也能得到保证.采用处理机匣流动模型所需的计算量仅约为非定常模拟的1%,这保证了提出的模型可用于快速评估槽道式处理机匣的气动特性,从而为其工程优化设计提供了有效的手段.     

Effect of bent inlet pipe on the flow instability behavior of centrifugal compressors

Bent inlet pipes are often used in centrifugal compressors due to limited installation space, and an understanding of the effect on compressor stability is essential for safety and durability. This paper firstly investigates flow instability behaviors in two compressors, one with a straight inlet pipe and the other with an S-shaped bent pipe. In detail, it analyzes the resulting flow fields, instability evolution paths and surge boundaries. The results show that the S-shaped pipe obviously affects the flow field at high mass flow rates, while reverse flow mainly influences the flow field at low mass flow rates. Reverse flow first occurs at certain flow passages with a high pressure difference that is predominantly decided by the volute rather than the S-shaped bent pipe. In addition, centrifugal compressors can tolerate reverse flow to some extent so that surge would not occur immediately if reverse flow occurs unless the reverse flow region extends circumferentially and radially to a sufficiently large size. Since the S-shaped pipe is not dominant in the creation and extension of reverse flow, it does not exacerbate the stability of the central compressor to a great extent. Last but not least, the S-shaped pipe is noted to delay the occurrence of surge at 90% rotating speed, which suggests the possibility of improving compressor stability with bent inlet pipes. This result differs from the conventional understanding that inlet distortion usually deteriorates compressor stability and emphasizes the particularity of centrifugal compressors.     

多级涡轮气热耦合仿真性能及强度对比研究

航空航天发动机中,涡轮工作环境恶劣,承受流动传热耦合作用下强烈的热冲击,其结构强度问题十分突出。分别采用气动仿真和气热耦合仿真对某多级涡轮结构开展气动和强度性能仿真研究,提取相应的热边界条件进行涡轮盘结构强度有限元计算。结果表明:两种分析方法得到的涡轮气动性能十分接近,但涡轮盘表面的温度分布存在较大差异,计算得到的径向变形偏差达16%,等效应力偏差达50~100 MPa,气热耦合仿真结果更为可靠。     

Structural optimization of uniaxial symmetry non-circular bolt clearance hole on turbine disk

This study proposes a parameterized model of a uniaxial symmetry non-circular hole, to improve conventional circular bolt clearance holes on turbine disks. The profile of the model consists of eight smoothly connected arcs, the radiuses of which are determined by 5 design variables.By changing the design variables, the profile of the non-circular hole can be transformed to accommodate different load ratios, thereby improving the stress concentration of the area near the hole and that of the turbine disk. The uniaxial symmetry non-circular hole is optimized based on finite element method（FEM）, in which the maximum first principal stress is taken as the objective function. After optimization, the stress concentration is evidently relieved; the maximum first principal stress and the maximum von Mises stress on the critical area are reduced by 30.39% and 25.34%respectively, showing that the uniaxial symmetry non-circular hole is capable of reducing the stress level of bolt clearance holes on the turbine disk.